Stand up for the facts!

Our only agenda is to publish the truth so you can be an informed participant in democracy.
We need your help.

More Info

I would like to contribute

GOP hopefuls prepare for another debate

Presidential candidate Ben Carson speaks during the CNBC Republican presidential debate on Oct. 28, 2015. (Getty Images) Presidential candidate Ben Carson speaks during the CNBC Republican presidential debate on Oct. 28, 2015. (Getty Images)

Presidential candidate Ben Carson speaks during the CNBC Republican presidential debate on Oct. 28, 2015. (Getty Images)

Nancy Badertscher
By Nancy Badertscher November 9, 2015

The fourth Republican presidential debate takes place Tuesday in a venue tailor-made for political drama, the Milwaukee Theatre.

Candidate Teddy Roosevelt was shot in the chest by an assassin on Oct. 14, 1912 and instead of heading to the hospital, he headed to what’s now the Milwaukee Theatre to deliver a 90-minute campaign speech in front of a horrified audience.

Three debates down in the 2016 presidential race and only eight of the original 15 GOP hopefuls still have a place on the prime time stage, and none of them are likely to pull off a scene-stealer that can compare with Roosevelt’s. Nope, not even Donald Trump, the chief provocateur.

Roosevelt is said to have stood with a bullet lodged in his rib and a blood-stained, 50-page speech in his hand and declared: "It takes more than that to kill a bull moose."

This year's GOP candidates were last on stage together in Boulder, Colo. on Oct. 28, when they clashed most notably with members of the news media.

This debate airs in prime time starting at 9 p.m.Tuesday on the Fox Business Network. It also will be streamed for free on foxbusiness.com and will cover the same topics as the previous debate: jobs, taxes, the "general health of the economy" and international issues.

The prime time stage will feature Ben Carson, Donald Trump, Marco Rubio, Ted Cruz, Jeb Bush, John Kasich, Carly Fiorina, and Ron Paul.

We’ve fact-checked statements from all of the candidate. Here's two of the latest we’ve done on each of them.

Jeb Bush

Claim: "If you look at the three people on the (debate) stage from the United States Senate, all three of them have a combined two bills that became law that they've sponsored."  

Rating: Mostly True

Of all the bills Cruz, Rubio and Rand Paul of Kentucky have sponsored combined, only two have been signed into law.

But experts said that this isn’t a great measurement of a legislator’s effectiveness, and there are other ways to show impact in Congress. All three senators have their fingerprints on numerous laws as cosponsors or amendment authors.  

Claim: "In Florida, we have the lowest in-state tuition of any state."  

Rating: Mostly False.

That’s not accurate if we look at 2014-15 tuition for four-year public universities compiled by the College Board. That data shows Wyoming had the lowest tuition and Florida was the sixth-lowest.

Bush’s campaign said he was referring to Florida’s ranking as the lowest in 2006-’07 when he left office, but he didn’t specify that timeframe in making his claim.

Ben Carson

Claim: Among manufacturers with fewer than 50 employees, "the average cost in terms of regulations is $34,000 per employee."

Rating: Half True.

Carson cited a figure from a 2014 report from the National Association of Manufacturers. However, the methodology behind the report has some significant shortfalls and no other studies were available.

Claim: His tax plan wouldn't leave the federal government with a $1.1 trillion hole.

Rating: False.

Based on what's publicly known about Carson's plan, his 15 percent flat tax would generate a $1.1 trillion hole between government revenue and spending. By his own math, his plan would create a $1 trillion hole.

Ted Cruz

Claim: My campaign "finished the last quarter reporting the most cash on hand of any Republican in the field … $13.8 million in the bank, $3.5 million more than the Jeb Bush campaign."

Rating: Mostly True.

The figures were correct, but Bush still might remain ahead (perhaps way ahead) in money accumulated on behalf of a Republican. We won’t know how much total cash has been stashed to help each candidate until PACs report again in 2016.

Claim: "Under Barack Obama and the big government economy, the median wage for women has dropped $733."

Rating: False.

Wages actually have risen for women since Obama took office. Cruz's spokesperson said Cruz intended to use a different phrase.

Carly Fiorina

Claim: "We have record numbers of people living in poverty."

Rating: Half True

In raw numbers,  there are more people who live in poverty. But poverty rate is a much better measure, and tjat has declined signficantly since 1959.

Claim: "92 percent of the jobs lost during Barack Obama's first term belonged to women."

Rating: False

The number of women with jobs increased by 416,000 during Obama’s first term.

John Kasich

Claim: "When I left Washington, we had a $5 trillion surplus."
Rating: Mostly False

The claim was a 10-year cumulative projection for future surpluses, not than a one-year actual surplus.

Claim: Says he was "one of the chief architects" of balancing the federal budget.

Rating: Mostly True

Kasich pushed for a balanced budget, and contemporary accounts from 1997 place him very much at the center of the action.But more detail is needed.

Rand Paul

Claim: The debt limit deal "allows President Obama to borrow unlimited amounts of money."

Rating: Mostly False

Mandatory spending can be considered unlimited, but that is not something that Obama has unilateral power over, as Paul’s claim suggests.The claim contains an element of truth but ignores critical facts.

Claim: "There's never been a direct Supreme Court case on people who were here illegally, whether or not their kids are citizens."

Ruling: Mostly True

Paul is right that the landmark Supreme Court didn’t address the specific example of a child born to undocumented immigrants.But he ignores the sweeping language in support of birthright citizenship in the Wong Kim Ark ruling, the fact that the ruling continues to stand more than a century later, and the longstanding practice of granting citizenship to children of undocumented immigrants.

Marco Rubio

Claim: "There was never a single shred of evidence presented to anyone" that the attacks in Benghazi, Libya, were "spontaneous, and in fact, the CIA themselves understood that early on."  

Rating: Half True.

Although investigations showed that some officials thought it was a terrorist attack immediately, there at least appeared to be some question about whether a video could have played a role. There were also several suggestions that it was because of a protest. However, Rubio had a point that much of the early evidence pointed strongly to terrorism.

Claim: Said that under his tax plan, "the greatest gains, percentage-wise," will be "at the lower end of our plan."

Rating: Half True.

The largest percentage income gains would show up among people in the bottom 20 percent, according to the Tax Foundation. However, it’s important to remember that in raw dollars, these gains are relatively modest compared with the total benefits people would see at the upper end of the income spectrum.

Donald Trump

Claim: Said the Oct. 28, 2015 debate was supposed to be three hours, and he "renegotiated it down to two hours."

Rating: Mostly False

Trump played a role in reducing it to two hours. But the plans were for it to last around two hours and 15 minutes -- not three hours or more.

Claim: Ohio Gov. John Kasich "got lucky with a thing called fracking," which "is why Ohio is doing well."

Rating: False.

Although Ohio underwent a fracking boom in recent years, Trump overstated its impact. Fracking jobs account for about 2 percent of the jobs added in the state during Kasich’s tenure. Shale development has improved gross domestic product by about 1 percent and contributed to less than a percent of the state’s tax revenue.

Sign Up For Our Weekly Newsletter

Our Sources

NBC, Meet the Press interview with Bush, Nov. 1, 2015

PolitiFact, "How many bills has Ted Cruz passed in the Senate? 1," March 29, 2015

PolitiFact, "Did Hillary Clinton have her name on only three laws in eight years as Jeb Bush says?" June 23, 2015

Congressional Quarterly, BillTrack database, accessed Nov. 1, 2015

GovTrack, advanced bill search, access Nov. 1, 2015

Email interviews, Brookings’ Sarah Binder, March 29 and Nov. 1, 2015

Email interview, Government Affairs Institute’s Joshua Huder, March 29, 2015

Email interview, Bush spokesman Matt Gorman, Nov. 1, 2015

Email interview, Clinton spokesman Josh Schwerin, Nov. 1, 2015

Email interview, Cruz spokeswoman Catherine Frazier, Nov. 1, 2015

------------------

CNBC, Debate clip, Oct. 28, 2015

College Board, In-state tuition and fees, 2014-15

College Board, Trends in college pricing, 2014-15

College Board, Tuition and fees by sector over time, 2006-07

PolitiFact, "Hillary Clinton tweets that Florida got an F in college affordability under Jeb Bush," Aug. 14, 2015

PolitiFact, "Florida Dems say tuition went up 48.2 percent under Jeb Bush," June 30, 2015

Interview, Matt Gorman, Jeb Bush spokesman, Oct. 28, 2015

Interview José Rios, College Board staff member, Oct. 29, 2015

Interview, Ralph Aiello, Supervisor School Counseling, BRACE, & Academic Advisement Department of College and Career Readiness at Broward County public schools, Oct. 29, 2015

Interview, Cheryl Etters, Florida Department of Education spokeswoman, Oct. 29, 2015

Interview, Brittany Davis, Florida Board of Governors spokesman, Oct. 29, 2015

---------

CNBC, GOP debate transcript, Oct. 28, 2015

National Association of Manufacturers, "The Cost of Federal Regulation to the U.S. Economy, Manufacturing and Small Business," Sept. 10, 2015

Small Business Administration, "The Impact of Regulatory Costs on Small Firms," Sept. 1, 2010

New York Times, "Questions on a Study of the Cost of Federal Regulation," April 10, 2013

Congressional Research Service, "Analysis of an Estimate of the Total Costs of Federal Regulations," April 6, 2011

Wall Street Journal, "The Regulation Tax Keeps Growing," Sept. 27, 2010

Email interview, Nicole V. Crain, visiting professor at Lafayette College, Oct. 29, 2015

Phone interview, Brookings economist Clifford Winston, Oct. 29, 2015

Phone interview, Mercatus Institute economist Richard Williams, Oct. 29, 2015

-----------------

CBNC, "CNBC Full Transcript: CNBC's "Your Money, Your Vote: The Republican Presidential Debate" (Part 2)," Oct. 29, 2015

Email interviews with Doug Watts, spokesperson for Ben Carson, Nov. 2, 2015

Email interview with Scott Hodge, president of the Tax Foundation, Nov. 3, 2015

Interview with Roberton Williams, Sol Price Fellow at the Tax Policy Center, Nov. 2,0 215

Interview with Bob McIntyre, director of Citizens for Tax Justice, Nov. 2, 2015

BenCarson.com, "The American People Deserve a Better Tax Code," accessed Nov. 2, 2015

Tax Foundation, Comparing the 2015 Presidential Tax Reform Proposals, accessed Nov. 2, 2015

Tax Policy Center, Major candidate tax proposals, accessed Nov. 2, 2015

CNBC, "Ben Carson: 6-month tax hiatus for overseas profit," Oct. 7, 2015

Congressional Budget Office, Chapters 4 and 3 of The Budget and Economic Outlook: 2015 to 2025," Jan. 26, 2015

Bureau of Economic Analysis, National Income and Product Accounts Table 2.1, Oct. 29, 2015

Bureau of Economic Analysis, National Income and Product Accounts Table 6.16D, Oct. 29, 2015

CNBC, "GOP debate comes up short on tax, budget solutions," Oct. 29, 2015

Citizens for Tax Justice, "Ben Carson's 10 Percent Flat Tax is Utterly Implausible," Sept. 1, 2015

--------------

Emails, Catherine Frazier, national press secretary, Ted Cruz presidential campaign, Oct. 26, 2015

"Presidential Pre-Nomination Campaign Disbursements September 30, 2015," "Presidential Pre-Nomination Campaign Receipts Through September 30, 2015," Federal Election Commission, Oct. 19, 2015

News story, "Trump not exactly self-funding his campaign," Politico, Oct. 15, 2015

News graphic, "Which Presidential Candidates Are Winning the Money Race," New York Times, last updated Oct. 16, 2015 (accessed Oct. 26, 2015)

Web post, "Behind the Candidates: Campaign Committees and Outside Groups," Center for Responsive Politics, last updated Oct. 27, 2015 (accessed the same day)

---

CNBC Republican debate in Boulder, Colo., transcript, Oct. 28, 2015

Census Bureau, Table P-53: Wage or Salary Workers by Median Wage or Salary Income and Sex, accessed Oct. 29, 2015

Census Bureau, Table P-8. Age—People by Median Income and Sex, accessed Oct. 29, 2015

Census Bureau, glossary, accessed Oct. 29, 2015

FactCheck.org, "FactChecking the CNBC Debates," Oct. 29, 2015

Email interview with Gary Burtless, senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, Oct. 29, 2015

Email interview with Tara Sinclair, economist at George Washington University and job site Indeed, Oct. 29, 2015

Email interview with Phil Novack, spokesman for Cruz, Oct. 29, 2015

---

CNN, Interview with Sen. Marco Rubio, Oct. 29, 2015

CBS, Interview with Sen. Marco Rubio, (Accessed in Nexis) Oct. 29, 2015

Office of the Director of National Intelligence, Statement by spokesman Shawn Turner about Benghazi attack, Sept. 28, 2015

National Security Network, "Getting the Facts on Benghazi," Accessed Nov. 2, 2015

Washington Post’s The Fact Checker, "Is Hillary Clinton a liar on Benghazi?" Oct. 30, 2015

Factcheck.org, "Benghazi timeline," Oct. 26, 2012

Washington Post’s The Fact Checker, "From video to terrorist attack: a definitive timeline of administration statements on the Libya attack," Sept. 27, 2012

White House, "Remarks by the president on the deaths of U.S. embassy staff in Libya," Sept. 12, 2012

U.S. State Department, Accountability Review Board report, Dec. 19. 2012

U.S. State Department, "Statement on the attack in Benghazi," Sept. 11, 2012

U.S. State Department, "Remarks With Indonesian Foreign Minister Raden Mohammad Marty Muliana Natalegawa After Their Meeting," Sept. 20, 2012

U.S. State Department, "Remarks With Pakistani Foreign Minister Hina Rabbani Khar Before Their Meeting," Sept. 21, 2012

U.S. State Department, Goals and Toplines about Benghazi, April 17, 2014

CBS News, "Benghazi timeline: how the probe unfolded"

House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, "Benghazi Attacks: Investigative Update, Interim Report on the Accountability Review Board," Sept. 16, 2013

U.S. Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, "Senators Lieberman, Collins Release Report on Benghazi Security Considerations," Dec. 31, 2012

U.S. Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, "Homeland Threats and Agency Responses,Hearing before the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Government Affairs: The Homeland Threat Landscape and U.S. Response," Sept. 19, 2012

U.S. Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, "Flashing Red: A Special Report On The Terrorist Attack At Benghazi," Dec. 30, 2012

U.S. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, "Senate Intelligence Committee Releases Declassified Bipartisan Report on Benghazi Terrorist Attacks," Jan. 15, 2014

U.S. Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, "Flashing Red: A Special Report on the Terrorist Attack at Benghazi," Dec. 30, 2012

The Washington Post, "Senate report: Attacks on U.S. compounds in Benghazi could have been prevented," Jan. 15, 2014

The Washington Post, "The 8 memorable moments from Hillary Clinton’s Benghazi testimony," Jan. 23, 2013

The New York Times, "After Benghazi Attack, Talk Lagged Behind Intelligence," Oct. 21, 2012

CBS News, "Hillary Clinton on Benghazi: ‘I do feel responsible’," Jan. 23, 2013

House Committee on Foreign Affairs, "Benghazi: Where is the State Department Accountability?" February 2014

USA TODAY, "House Benghazi report raps State on accountability," Feb. 7, 2014

Wall Street Journal’s Wash Wire blog, "Hillary Clinton’s email to Chelsea stars in Benghazi hearing," Oct.  22, 2015

U.S. House of Representatives, "Interim Progress Report for the Members of the House Republican Conference on the Events Surrounding the September 11, 2012 Terrorist Attacks in Benghazi, Libya," April 23, 2013

CBS News, "House GOP faults Clinton, State Dept for Benghazi security," April 24, 2013

House Committee on Armed Services, "Majority Interim Report: Benghazi Investigation Update," February 2014

USA TODAY, "Armed Services Committee slams White House on Benghazi," Feb. 11, 2014

The Associated Press, "House Intelligence Committee investigation debunks many Benghazi theories," Nov. 21, 2014

The Washington Post, "House votes to form special committee to investigate Benghazi attacks," May 8, 2014

Bloomberg, "Awaiting Hillary Clinton, House Benghazi Committee Claims Year of Progress," May 8, 2015

POLITICO, "Clinton will testify before Benghazi panel on Oct. 22," July 29, 2015

The Wall Street Journal, "She Knew All Along," Oct. 23, 2015

House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, "Investigative Report on the Terrorist Attacks on U.S. Facilities in Benghazi, Libya, September 11-12, 2012," Nov. 21, 2014

The Daily Caller, "Former CIA chief: analysts never said the video was a factor in Benghazi attacks," Oct. 31, 2015

Fox News, "Diary entry from Benghazi victim’s dad: "I gave Hillary a hug, she blamed filmmaker," Oct. 23, 2015

Michael Morell, "The Great War of Our Time," 2015

Judicial Watch, FOIA requests for State Department emails

PolitiFact, "Fact-checking Benghazi: The rhetoric hasn't matched up with reality," May 16, 2014

PolitiFact, "Clinton: 7 Benghazi probes so far," Oct. 12, 2015

PolitiFact, "Jay Carney says Susan Rice didn’t play down terrorist involvement in Benghazi," May 13, 2013

PolitiFact, "Romney says Obama waited 14 days to call Libya attack terror," Oct. 17, 2012

PunditFact, "O’Reilly denies accusing WH of political motives in early Benghazi response," Feb. 4, 2014

Interview, Josh Schwerin, Hillary Clinton campaign spokesman, Nov.  2, 2015

Interview, Brooke Sammon, Sen. Marco Rubio campaign spokeswoman, Nov. 2, 2015

Marco Rubio, comments at CNBC Republican presidential debate, Oct. 28, 2015

Tax Foundation, "Clarifying the Distributional Effects of the Rubio-Lee Tax Plan," Oct. 29, 2015

Urban Institute-Brookings Institution Tax Policy Center, "Major candidate tax proposals: Election 2016," accessed Nov. 3, 2015

Urban Institute-Brookings Institution Tax Policy Center, T15-0026 - Baseline Distribution of Income and Federal Taxes, by Expanded Cash Income Percentile, June 23, 2015

Urban Institute-Brookings Institution Tax Policy Center, Current Law Distribution of Taxes, accessed Nov. 3, 2015

Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, "Lee-Rubio Tax Plan Heavily Tilted Toward Top, Contrary to Tax Foundation Claims," March 11, 2015

New York Times, "Fact-Checking Republicans on Tax Plans," Oct. 29, 2015

Vox.com, "Marco Rubio and John Harwood's testy debate exchange on taxes, explained," Oct. 30, 2015

Email interview with Roberton Williams, senior fellow at the Urban Institute-Brookings Institution Tax Policy Center, Nov. 3, 2015

Email interview with Kyle Pomerleau, director of federal projects at the Tax Foundation, Nov. 3, 2015

--------------

CNBC, Third Republican debate, Oct. 28, 2015

CNBC, Presidential debate press release, Sept. 30, 2015

CNBC, "Trump and Carson threaten to opt out of CNBC debate," Oct. 15, 2015

Washington Post, "Trump beats chest over length of CNBC debate," Oct. 28, 2015

Politico, "How Trump almost blew up the third GOP debate," Oct. 16, 2015

CNN, "CNBC, Republicans finalize debate format," Oct. 16, 2015

--------------

Washington Post, "The third Republican debate transcript, annotated," Oct. 28, 2015

Bureau of Labor Statistics query

Ohio Department of Taxation annual reports 2010 to 2014

PolitiFact, "John Kasich: 'I took the state of Ohio from an $8 billion hole … to a $2 billion surplus'" Aug. 6, 2015

Cleveland State University, "An Analysis of the Economic Potential for Shale  Formations in Ohio," 2012

Email interviews with Rob Nichols, spokesperson for John Kasich, Oct. 29, 2015

Email and phone interviews with Douglas Southgate, emeritus professor of environmental economics and public policy at Ohio State University, Oct. 29, 2015

Email interview with Andrew Thomas, executive-in-residence at the Energy Policy Center at Cleveland State University, Oct. 29, 2015

Email interview with Amy Hanauer, executive director at Policy Matters Ohio, Oct. 29, 2015

Email interview with Mike Chadsey, spokesperson for the Ohio Oil and Gas Association, Oct. 29, 2015

Ohio Dept. of Job and Family Services, 2012 Annual Ohio Shale Report, August 2013

Ohio Dept. of Job and Family Services, 2013 Annual Ohio Shale Report, December 2014

Ohio Dept. of Job and Family Services, 2014 Annual Ohio Shale Report, July 2015

Cleveland State University, Ohio Utica Shale Gas Monitor, Jan. 10, 2014

Cleveland State University, Ohio Utica Shale Region Monitor, March 2014

Policy Matters Ohio, Assessing the Impacts of Shale Drilling: Four Community Case Studies, April 2014

Policy Matters Ohio, Six-state study finds jobs impact of fracking exaggerated by industry and supporters, Nov. 21, 2013

New York Times, "Boom in Energy Spurs Industry in the Rust Belt," Sept. 9, 2014

CNN, "Ohio set to see oil boom thanks to fracking," Dec. 20, 2011

Columbus Dispatch, "Fracking: So where’s the economic boom that was promised?" Jan. 28, 2014

Reuters, "Ohio Energy Data Regulations Make It One Of Nation's Least Transparent States," Oct. 22, 2022

PBS, "Differing views on fracking’s impact," April 24, 2013

CNBC, Third Republican presidential debate, Oct. 28, 2015

Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment, Hours, and Earnings from the Current Employment Statistics survey

Huffington Post, Romney Campaign Demands Correction From PolitiFact On Women's Job Loss Claim, April 11, 2012

PolitiFact, Romney campaign says women were hit hard by job losses under Obama, April 10, 2012

Washington Post, Are Obama’s job policies hurting women?,April 10, 2012

----------------

ABC News, This Week with George Stephanopoulos, Aug. 9, 2015

CATO Institute, No, Bill Clinton Didn’t Balance the Budget, Oct. 8, 1998

Congressional Budget Office, The economic and budget outlook: Update, August, 1995

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, Federal government budget surplus or deficit

Denver Post, John Kasich: do we need a balanced budget amendment? Yes: It would force discipline, Feb. 9, 1997

Dallas Morning News, Congress to get budget plan today;Republicans skeptical on Clinton proposal, Feb. 6, 1997

Columbus Dispatch, Clinton resisting calls to hastily balanced budget, Feb. 15, 1993

New York Times, White House and GOP announce deal to balance budget and to trim taxes, July 29, 1997

PolitiFact Ohio, John Kasich touts role in balancing budget, creating surplus, boosting jobs, Oct. 31, 2010

Washington Post, Kasich’s ambitions may be "wild card" in budget talks with the White House, March 24, 1997

Email interview, John Gilmour, associate professor, Department of Government, College of William & Mary, Aug. 9, 2015

Email interview, B. Dan Wood, professor, Department of Political Science Texas A&M University, Aug. 9, 2015

Email interview, Chris Schrimpf, spokesman, John Kasich for President, Aug. 9, 2015

-------------

CNBC Republican debate in Boulder, Colo., transcript, Oct. 28, 2015

U.S. House of Representatives, "Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015, Section-by-Section Summary," accessed Oct. 29, 2015

Text of Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015

Bipartisan Policy Center, "Interactive: Recent History of the Debt Limit," accessed Oct. 30, 2015

Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget, "The Budget Deal Allows Obama To Borrow Unlimited Amounts," Oct. 28, 2015

Email interview with Steve Ellis, vice president of Taxpayers for Common Sense, Oct. 29, 2015

--------

Rand Paul, comments at the Reagan Library presidential debate, Sept. 16, 2015

United States v. Wong Kim Ark (1898)

The 14th Amendment

John Yoo, "On Citizenship, the 'Birthers' Are Right" (column in National Review), Aug. 22, 2015

John C. Eastman, "We Can Apply the 14th Amendment While Also Reforming Birthright Citizenship" (column in National Review), Aug. 24, 2015

Garrett Epps, "The Citizenship Clause: A 'Legislative History' " (American University Law Review), 2010

Garrett Epps, "The Problem with Challenging Birthright Citizenship" (column in The Atlantic), Sept. 1, 2015

Washington Post, "Donald Trump meet Wong Kim Ark, the Chinese American cook who is the father of ‘birthright citizenship,’ " Aug. 31, 2015

Email interview with John C. Eastman, law professor at Chapman University, Sept. 17, 2015

Email interview with Erwin Chemerinsky, dean of the University of California-Irvine law school, Sept. 17, 2015

Email interview with Ilya Shapiro, senior fellow in constitutional studies at the Cato Institute, Sept. 17, 2015

Email interview with Gerald L. Neuman, co-director of the Human Rights Program at Harvard Law School, Sept. 17, 2015

Email interview with Kermit Roosevelt, law professor at the University of Pennsylvania, Sept. 17, 2015

Email interview with Garrett Epps, law professor at the University of Baltimore, Sept. 17, 2015

Email interview with Kevin R. Johnson, dean of the University of California-Davis law school, Sept. 17, 2015

Email interview with Jennifer Chacon, law professor at the University of California-Irvine, Sept. 17, 2015

Email interview with Stephen Yale-Loehr, Cornell University law professor, Sept. 17, 2015

Email interview with Eleanor May, spokeswoman for Rand Paul, Sept. 17, 2015

Browse the Truth-O-Meter

More by Nancy Badertscher

GOP hopefuls prepare for another debate